{"id":454,"date":"2020-02-03T11:34:39","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T10:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/?page_id=454"},"modified":"2020-12-17T10:57:23","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T09:57:23","slug":"welds","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/index.php\/welds\/","title":{"rendered":"Internal pipeline welds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"has-text-color has-small-font-size has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Keywords: penetrating welds longitudinal radial spiral pressure losses Reynolds number pipeline<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-drop-cap has-very-dark-gray-color\">Three\ntypes of weld can be encountered in the manufacturing of a gas\npipeline, some of these welds penetrating significantly inside the\npipeline. Depending on their degree of penetration, their length,\ntheir shape and their angle in relation to the direction of the main\nflow, these welds can reduce the flow of the transported gas with\ndifferent degrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Longitudinal weld<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">This type of weld is encountered during the <strong>manufacturing of pipe sections from a forged and rolled plate<\/strong> (U-ing, O-ing with mechanical expansion). This weld, although very long but aligned with the direction of flow, has only a very minimal impact on the transported flow.  <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.petrosadid.com\/piping\/pipe_tube\/longitudinally.php\">https:\/\/www.petrosadid.com\/piping\/pipe_tube\/longitudinally.php<\/a>  <br><a href=\"https:\/\/winsteelpipes.com\/news\/258.html\">https:\/\/winsteelpipes.com\/news\/258.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1-1024x153.png\" alt=\"Schematic of a longitudinal-weld following manufacturing of high pressure tubes in a rolling process. It does not present any disturbance to the flow.\" class=\"wp-image-473\" width=\"419\" height=\"62\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1-1024x153.png 1024w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1-300x45.png 300w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1-768x115.png 768w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1.png 1124w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Radial weld<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">This type of weld is encountered during either<strong> mounting flanges on sections of tubes<\/strong> or for <strong>manufacturing a pipeline<\/strong>. These tubes are generally 12 m long and may be designed for <strong>high pressure applications<\/strong>. Being perpendicular to the direction of flow, this type of weld slightly obstructs this flow, generating pressure losses of a few percent. The relative effect is determined by the amplitude of the penetration weld inside the pipe as well as by the thickness of the viscous layer, therefore, from the Reynolds number established from the velocity, the pressure, the molecular weight and the viscosity of the gas.  <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/weld-defect\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/weld-defect<\/a>  <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/circumferential-weld\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/circumferential-weld<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-2-1024x155.png\" alt=\"Schematic of a radial-weld for connecting two tubes for the construction of pipelines.  It presents some disturbances to the flow.\" class=\"wp-image-474\" width=\"402\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-2-1024x155.png 1024w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-2-300x45.png 300w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-2-768x116.png 768w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-2.png 1123w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Spiral weld<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">This type of weld is encountered during the <strong>manufacturing of medium pressure pipelines<\/strong> (rarely exceeding 150 bar) from <strong>very long sections of tube<\/strong> (for example, 18 m). Being oblique to the direction of flow, this type of weld constitutes a lesser obstacle locally to the flow but occurring at a high frequency (depending on the angle of the helix formed by the weld) presents <strong>very high pressure losses in certain situations<\/strong>. Its effect is determined by the amplitude of the penetration weld inside the pipe, the thickness of the viscous layer (consequently, the Reynolds number) but also the angle of the spiral weld with the flow. In the latter case,<strong> the incidence on pressure losses  can be of a few tens of percent<\/strong>.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tubi-spa.com\/en\/production\/spirally-welded-pipes\">https:\/\/www.tubi-spa.com\/en\/production\/spirally-welded-pipes<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-4-1024x159.png\" alt=\"Schematic of a spiral-weld for manufacturing long tubes operating at medium pressure. It presents major disturbances to the flow.\" class=\"wp-image-484\" width=\"416\" height=\"65\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-4-1024x159.png 1024w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-4-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-4-768x119.png 768w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-4.png 1123w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Numerical flow simulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The study of pressure losses in a spirally welded tube is considerably more complex compared to a simple junction weld requiring, in the first case, a <strong>three-dimensional study<\/strong> due to the absence of symmetry (two dimensional study with a junction weld). Consequently, the simulation of the flow requires a relatively complex meshing modelling (shape and number of meshes). The meshing complexity increases with the value of the Reynolds number. <strong><em>Typically, the number of meshes is of the order of a million.<\/em><\/strong> <br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_welding\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_welding<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-5.png\" alt=\"Meshing of a section of tube for the calculation of pressure losses in a spirally welded tube \" class=\"wp-image-485\" width=\"287\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-5.png 342w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-5-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">CFD flow simulation shows that <strong>the main flow is driven in a circular motion <\/strong>due to the spiral shape of the weld. This movement is all the more pronounced the greater the thickness of the weld, the higher the Reynolds number and the smaller the pipe diameter. This displacement increases the length of the wall in contact with the gas, therefore, the viscous losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">For radial and spiral weld, the relative effect of the pressure drop is dependent on the shape and size of the weld, the pipeline surface condition outside the weld (wall roughness) and the presence or absence of a coating at the weld. This is the case when the spiral tube is coated internally unlike the tubes with longitudinal weld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b_3_Welds-Areo_2003.pdf\">For more details:     b_3_Welds Areo_2003<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b_3_Welds-Areo_2003.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pdf-2.png\" alt=\"PDF document providing some details regarding pressure loss for several types of welds: longitudinal, radial and spiral\" class=\"wp-image-852\" width=\"52\" height=\"52\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pdf-2.png 512w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pdf-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pdf-2-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 52px) 100vw, 52px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keywords: penetrating welds longitudinal radial spiral pressure losses Reynolds number pipeline Three types of weld can be encountered in the manufacturing of a gas pipeline, some of these welds penetrating significantly inside the pipeline. Depending on their degree of penetration, their length, their shape and their angle in relation to the direction of the main&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/index.php\/welds\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-454","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Internal pipeline welds - CHARRON Yves<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yvcharron.com\/index.php\/welds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Internal pipeline welds - CHARRON Yves\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Keywords: penetrating welds longitudinal radial spiral pressure losses Reynolds number pipeline Three types of weld can be encountered in the manufacturing of a gas pipeline, some of these welds penetrating significantly inside the pipeline. 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